The increasing prevalence of micropollutants, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, poses risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Traditional monitoring methods are ineffective in detecting these contaminants due to their typically low concentrations and intermittent occurrences. 

This study presents an integrated framework combining chemical prioritisation, passive sampling technologies, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to address these challenges. Using pesticides in the Greater Melbourne area as a case study, the framework demonstrates a streamlined approach for identifying, monitoring, and assessing chemicals of concern. Passive samplers, including Chemcatcher® and (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) POCIS, deployed at 32 sites, yielded significant detection of pesticides, with 4 novel fungicides identified across multiple seasons. Specific, efficient analytical methods were then developed to quantify these at environmental concentrations. 

The hybrid use of passive and grab sampling, coupled with advanced analytical methodologies, provided comprehensive insights into contamination profiles, seasonal trends, and potential risks. This adaptable framework offers a scalable solution for monitoring diverse micropollutants in water systems, supporting informed water management and regulatory decisions to safeguard ecological and human health.